8.9 Improved Lighting Controls

Lighting controls give you the flexibility to adapt a space for multiple uses while improving accessibility. They should be included in the lighting plan for every room. Both manual and automatic controls reduce energy costs by ensuring lights are used only when and where needed.

Controls are especially effective with high-wattage lamps, but they should be considered for any lighting that might be left on in unoccupied spaces.  The easiest way to save energy is to turn things off when not in use! 

Important: Always choose controls that are compatible with your specific lamp type and ballast. Invest in quality controls—they perform better and last longer.

Types of Lighting Controls

1. Switches

The basic on-off switch (wall-mounted or on the fixture) should always be obvious and convenient.

Best Practices:

• Pull-cord switches: Attach a visible, easy-to-grasp object to the end of the cord
• Multiple entrances: Install three-way or four-way switches in hallways, staircases, and large rooms with more than one entry point
• Visibility: Use oversized toggles or glow-in-the-dark switch plates to make switches easy to find in the dark
• Indicator lights: Install a small light near the switch to signal when out-of-sight lights (basement, outdoor) are left on
• Individual control: If one switch controls multiple fixtures, each lamp should also have its own switch for selective use
• Task separation: In kitchens, put overhead ambient lights, counter lights, and island lights on separate switches
• Multi-level lamps: Use three-way switches in lamps to match light output to need—use the lowest setting when full brightness isn't necessary to save energy

2. Photocells (Photosensors)

A photocell measures ambient light levels and automatically turns electric lights on when light drops below a set minimum.

Best Applications:

• Outdoor fixtures that stay on all night
• Night lights
• Security lighting

Limitations:

• If a light doesn't need to stay on all night, use a timer or motion sensor instead for greater energy savings

3. Timers

Timers control how long a light stays on. They're inexpensive and can be installed at the switch, plug, or socket.

Types:

• Manual timers: Turned on by hand, automatically turn off after a set duration (minutes or hours)
• Programmable timers: Turn on and off at specific times of day
• Mechanical vs. solid-state: Both available; some offer manual override

Safety Tips:

• Don't set timers so lights turn off while someone might still be in the space
• Install glow-in-the-dark switch plates or a low-wattage night light with a photosensor near the switch for easy location