METEO 3 Lesson 11 Images
Lesson 11: Patterns of Wind, Water, and Weather in the Tropics
Meet the Tropics
daily global surface temperatures for January 7, 2018

Text description of the daily global surface temperatures for January 7, 2018 image.
The image is a global map showing surface air temperature data. It uses a color gradient to represent temperature variations in Kelvin from January 7, 2018, to January 7, 2018. The map is divided into grid squares with latitude and longitude lines marked. The northern hemisphere exhibits cooler temperatures, shown in shades of purple and blue, while equatorial regions are warmer, depicted in green and yellow hues. The southern hemisphere varies with greens and blues, while a central red region indicates higher temperatures, especially around Australia. The color bar below indicates a temperature scale ranging from 240 to 310 Kelvin. The map includes text labels for "NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis" at the top and "NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences Division" in the upper right corner.
chart of average sea-level pressures at 00Z on February 12, 1998

Text description of the chart of average sea-level pressures at 00Z on February 12, 1998 image.
The image is a world map displaying colored contours representing sea level pressure variations as a composite mean. The map features latitudinal and longitudinal lines at 30-degree intervals. Colored bands indicate areas of different pressure, ranging from dark purple representing the lowest pressure to dark red for the highest. The Northern Hemisphere features diverse pressure zones with significant low-pressure areas in regions like the North Pacific and North Atlantic. The Southern Hemisphere has broader bands of low pressure, particularly around the Antarctic region. The continents are outlined in black against the color gradients. The title at the top reads "NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis," with a label "NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences Division" in the upper right.
ocean buoy moored at 8 degrees South, 95 degrees West

Text description of the ocean buoy moored at 8 degrees South, 95 degrees West image.
The image is a map illustrating a section of the Pacific Ocean and parts of the adjacent coastlines of Central and South America. The map is predominantly blue, representing ocean waters, with the continents and islands highlighted in green. Notable geographical markers include the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru, along with other surrounding areas like Mexico and the Caribbean Sea to the north. There is a dashed yellow line running horizontally across the map marking the equator. A red square is placed in the ocean, indicating a specific location in the water. A line extends from this square to an inset photograph on the left, showing a buoy floating on the ocean with a metal frame and an orange floatation ring. No text is visible on the buoy itself.
The General Circulation
voyage to the New World

Text description of the voyage to the New World image.
The image is a vintage-style map depicting a section of the Atlantic Ocean. The map is oriented with north at the top, featuring navigational elements, including a compass rose in the northwest corner. A red line illustrates a historical sailing route from Europe to the Americas, starting in España (Spain), passing through the Azores and Canary Islands, and ending in the Bahamas and Hispaniola. The map is annotated with black arrows indicating trade winds in the Atlantic. The background is shaded in gradients of beige, giving it an aged appearance. In the top right corner, there is an illustration of a sailing ship. Landmasses, including parts of Spain, Africa, and the Caribbean, are depicted with simple, stylized outlines, with the ocean labeled "Atlantic" in decorative script.
The Ascending Branch of the Hadley Cell
net radiation distribution over the earth

Text description of the net radiation distribution over the earth image.
The image is a world map projection showing net radiation data from December 2001. It is overlaid with shades of green and blue, representing varying levels of net radiation, with darker greens and blues indicating lower values and lighter areas indicating higher values. The landmasses are outlined in dark lines against a background of color gradients. Below the map is a black band with text and a color scale. The scale ranges from dark blue at the left (-280 W/m²) to green on the right (280 W/m²).
necklace around the globe

Text description of the necklace around the globe image.
The image is a global infrared satellite composite map of Earth, showcasing cloud coverage as of August 22, 2003. It features the planet with prominent cloud formations over various regions. The landmasses are outlined in vibrant magenta, contrasting against the grey tones of the clouds and the dark ocean. Yellow arrows point to a band labeled "ITCZ" across the equatorial regions of the Atlantic, Africa, and the Indian Ocean. The title and credits are displayed at the top and bottom in white text on a black background.
cross section schematic

Text description of the cross section schematic image.
The image is a colorful diagram illustrating atmospheric circulation, specifically the Hadley Cells, over a range of latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. The background features a blue gradient representing the sky, transitioning from dark blue at lower altitudes to lighter blue at higher altitudes, with clouds depicted as wavy, multicolored patches. Two large arrows arc outward from the center, indicating the flow within the Hadley Cells. The altitude is marked on the left side, ranging from 0 to 20 kilometers. The bottom axis indicates latitude, ranging from 17.7 to 0.8 degrees North. A bold pink line traces the atmospheric current, with labels "Hadley Cell" written in pink within each section of the cells. The diagram highlights the ITCZ (Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone) in the center at latitude 12.1. A scale bar labeled in kilometers is at the bottom right.
figure showing the January and July positions of the ITCZ

Text description of the figure showing the January and July positions of the ITCZ image.
The image features two comparative world maps illustrating sea level pressure in millibars for January and July, based on climatology data from 1968-1996. The January map is on top, and the July map is on the bottom. Both maps display pressure zones using a color gradient ranging from orange (lower pressures) to purple (higher pressures). The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is marked on both maps, shown as a bold black line. A red circle highlights a specific region near the equator in South America. The map indicates latitudes 30N to 30S and longitudes from 0 to 180. An accompanying color bar scale at the bottom shows numerical pressure values ranging from 992 to 1040 millibars, in various colors from red to purple.
annual mean precipitation

Text description of the annual mean precipitation image.
The image is a contour map illustrating annual precipitation levels in a section of South America, with the focus on areas around the equator. The map uses a series of bold, contoured blue hues to represent varying precipitation amounts, increasing in intensity from light blue, indicating lower levels, to dark blue, indicating higher levels of precipitation. The colors are laid out in gradients and are clearly delineated by contour lines, creating a topographical effect. The map is framed with latitude and longitude markings, ranging from 80W to 20E longitude and 25S to 15N latitude. A color scale on the right side ranges from white to dark blue, labeled at intervals from 500 mm to 3500 mm, indicating annual precipitation in millimeters. Thin black lines outline the geographical boundaries.
Brazilian city of Fortaleza

Text description of the Brazilian city of Fortaleza image.
The image depicts a map highlighting the northern part of South America, with a focus on Brazil and the surrounding countries. The map features green land masses and a light blue ocean labeled "Atlantic Ocean" on the right side. Major cities are marked with black stars, and country names are in uppercase black letters. A red dot with the label "Fortaleza" marks a specific location in northeastern Brazil. Longitude and latitude lines are visible, with markings every 5 degrees. An inset map at the bottom left shows a broader view of South America, with Brazil highlighted, and a red rectangle indicating the zoomed-in section.
Subtropical Highs
spatial relationship between the surface Bermuda high and its reflections higher in the troposphere

Text description of the spatial relationship between the surface Bermuda high and its reflections higher in the troposphere image.
The image consists of three layered atmospheric pressure maps representing different altitudes. Each section features contour lines and color gradients indicating pressure variations over an area resembling part of North America. The top section, labeled "~23,000 ft," shows a color gradient from light orange through dark red, highlighting a high-pressure zone marked with an "H" in dark red. The middle section, labeled "~18,000 ft," features a similar high-pressure zone marked with an "H," using a gradient from yellow to red. The lower section, labeled "Surface," displays a different pattern, using shades from purple to green with an "H" marking a high-pressure zone. Each map includes contour lines representing pressure differences.
cross section of the Hadley Cells in both hemispheres

Text description of the cross section of the Hadley Cells in both hemispheres image.
The image depicts a diagram illustrating atmospheric circulation in the tropics and subtropics. At the center is the "Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone" near the Equator, characterized by a towering cumulus cloud labeled "Hot Tower." This cloud extends from above the surface to the top of the diagram, with upward pointing arrows indicating rising air. On either side of the 'Hot Tower,' smaller "Trade Cumulus" clouds are shown with arrows indicating upward air movement from the surface. Above the clouds is the "Tropopause," marked by a dashed line. Orange arrows depict air flow, showing air rising at the equator and diverging at the tropopause, moving toward the poles, then descending in the "Subtropical High Pressure Zone" in the subtropics. The base of the diagram is blue, indicating the ocean, and labeled with "Subtropics" on either side, and "Equator" in the center. "Trade Winds" arrows show horizontal surface winds moving toward the equator.
much more swirling route

Text description of the much more swirling route image.
The image depicts a map with a polar projection, focusing on the Northern Hemisphere. The continents are shown in green against a blue background representing the oceans. A circular path, illustrated with two parallel yellow arrows, encircles the globe, starting at the top and moving towards the outer edges. The arrows suggest a specific route around the Earth, crossing various continents and oceans. Black outlines border the yellow arrows, and meridians and parallels are slightly visible in the background, emphasizing the map's radial layout from the North Pole.
The Subtropical Jet Stream
high-altitude, poleward flow in the Hadley Cell

Text description of the high-altitude, poleward flow in the Hadley Cell image.
The image depicts a diagram illustrating atmospheric circulation in the tropics and subtropics. At the center is the "Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone" near the Equator, characterized by a towering cumulus cloud labeled "Hot Tower." This cloud extends from above the surface to the top of the diagram, with upward pointing arrows indicating rising air. On either side of the 'Hot Tower,' smaller "Trade Cumulus" clouds are shown with arrows indicating upward air movement from the surface. Above the clouds is the "Tropopause," marked by a dashed line. Orange arrows depict air flow, showing air rising at the equator and diverging at the tropopause, moving toward the poles, then descending in the "Subtropical High Pressure Zone" in the subtropics. The base of the diagram is blue, indicating the ocean, and labeled with "Subtropics" on either side, and "Equator" in the center. "Trade Winds" arrows show horizontal surface winds moving toward the equator.
much more swirling route

Text description of the much more swirling route image.
The image depicts a map with a polar projection, focusing on the Northern Hemisphere. The continents are shown in green against a blue background representing the oceans. A circular path, illustrated with two parallel yellow arrows, encircles the globe, starting at the top and moving towards the outer edges. The arrows suggest a specific route around the Earth, crossing various continents and oceans. Black outlines border the yellow arrows, and meridians and parallels are slightly visible in the background, emphasizing the map's radial layout from the North Pole.
interrupt and divert the generally westerly flow of air in the upper troposphere

Text description of the interrupt and divert the generally westerly flow of air in the upper troposphere image.
The image is a topographic map highlighting the region around the Tibetan Plateau, distinguished by its extensive white area representing snow or ice. The map is color-coded to display varying elevations, with green indicating lower elevations, brown representing higher elevations, and blue denoting bodies of water. Prominent features include the surrounding lower elevation regions in green and mountainous regions in brown. Black arrows traverse the map from west to east, indicating directional movement across the plateau and into neighboring areas.
long-term average temperatures over the tropics and subtropics for June, July and August

Text description of the long-term average temperatures over the tropics and subtropics for June, July and August image.
The image is a world map displaying surface temperature variations in degrees Celsius from June 1 to August 31. The map features a color gradient indicating different temperature ranges from cooler blues and purples to warmer yellows, oranges, and reds. Higher temperatures are concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere, especially across parts of North America, Southern Europe, and North Africa, evident by the red and orange hues. In contrast, cooler temperatures are represented in the Southern Hemisphere and polar regions with blue and purple tones. The map is marked with latitude and longitude lines for reference. Below the map, a color bar illustrates the temperature scale, ranging from 0°C to 45°C.
visible satellite image from 19Z on February 19

Text description of the visible satellite image from 19Z on February 19 image.
The image is a satellite view showcasing a weather system over the eastern United States, specifically during the President’s Day Blizzard on February 19, 1979. The image uses grayscale shading to depict various atmospheric conditions, with states indicated by green outlines and labels, including Maryland (MD), Virginia (VA), North Carolina (NC), South Carolina (SC), and Georgia (GA). A swirling cloud pattern is visible over the region, signifying the storm, with annotations indicating "Heavy Snow Cover from Georgia to Pennsylvania." The NOAA logo is displayed in the upper left corner.
Hadley Cells

Text description of the Hadley Cells image.
The image depicts a diagram illustrating atmospheric circulation in the tropics and subtropics. At the center is the "Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone" near the Equator, characterized by a towering cumulus cloud labeled "Hot Tower." This cloud extends from above the surface to the top of the diagram, with upward pointing arrows indicating rising air. On either side of the 'Hot Tower,' smaller "Trade Cumulus" clouds are shown with arrows indicating upward air movement from the surface. Above the clouds is the "Tropopause," marked by a dashed line. Orange arrows depict air flow, showing air rising at the equator and diverging at the tropopause, moving toward the poles, then descending in the "Subtropical High Pressure Zone" in the subtropics. The base of the diagram is blue, indicating the ocean, and labeled with "Subtropics" on either side, and "Equator" in the center. "Trade Winds" arrows show horizontal surface winds moving toward the equator.
Tricks of the Trades
Hadley Cell schematic

Text description of the Hadley Cell schematic image.
The image depicts a diagram illustrating atmospheric circulation in the tropics and subtropics. At the center is the "Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone" near the Equator, characterized by a towering cumulus cloud labeled "Hot Tower." This cloud extends from above the surface to the top of the diagram, with upward pointing arrows indicating rising air. On either side of the 'Hot Tower,' smaller "Trade Cumulus" clouds are shown with arrows indicating upward air movement from the surface. Above the clouds is the "Tropopause," marked by a dashed line. Orange arrows depict air flow, showing air rising at the equator and diverging at the tropopause, moving toward the poles, then descending in the "Subtropical High Pressure Zone" in the subtropics. The base of the diagram is blue, indicating the ocean, and labeled with "Subtropics" on either side, and "Equator" in the center. "Trade Winds" arrows show horizontal surface winds moving toward the equator.
fields of "trade-wind cumulus clouds"

Text description of the fields of "trade-wind cumulus clouds" image.
The image depicts a vast ocean under a bright, partly cloudy sky. The surface of the water is shimmering, reflecting the sunlight, creating a glittering effect across the sea. The horizon is visible in the distance, where the ocean meets the sky. Sparse, fluffy clouds are scattered throughout the sky, allowing patches of light to illuminate the water below. The overall color palette includes vibrant blues and whites, contributing to a serene and expansive atmosphere.
Monsoons: Giant Sea / Land Breezes
a major portion of the tropical Eastern Hemisphere

Text description of the a major portion of the tropical Eastern Hemisphere image.
The image is a world map highlighting regions affected by monsoons. It uses green and light green shades to depict land, while the monsoon-affected areas are overlaid in a translucent gray-green color. The map spans from Africa on the left, through the Middle East and South Asia, to Southeast Asia on the right. A dashed yellow line runs horizontally across the center, representing the Equator. The background is a grid pattern with purple-blue coloration, creating a coordinate-like appearance. The label "Monsoon Areas" is centrally placed over Africa and the Indian Ocean.
world's major monsoon region

Text description of the world's major monsoon region image.
The image is a world map highlighting regions affected by monsoons. It uses green and light green shades to depict land, while the monsoon-affected areas are overlaid in a translucent gray-green color. The map spans from Africa on the left, through the Middle East and South Asia, to Southeast Asia on the right. A dashed yellow line runs horizontally across the center, representing the Equator. The background is a grid pattern with purple-blue coloration, creating a coordinate-like appearance. The label "Monsoon Areas" is centrally placed over Africa and the Indian Ocean.
map long-term average temperatures

Text description of the map long-term average temperatures image.
The image is a colorful map illustrating the mean surface air temperature for the month of May across the Indian subcontinent, based on climatology data from 1968 to 1996. The map is overlaid with a scale on the right, ranging from 0 to 35 degrees Celsius, depicted in a gradient from purple to red. The regions of northern India and neighboring countries exhibit cooler temperatures shown in blue and green hues, while central and southern parts of India are in warmer shades of yellow, orange, and red, indicating higher temperatures. The map includes latitude and longitude markers along the borders.
monsoon trough

Text description of the monsoon trough image.
The image depicts a map showing the sea level pressure in millibars over the Indian subcontinent and surrounding regions, based on climatology data from 1968 to 1996. The map is color-coded to represent different pressure levels, with a gradient bar on the right indicating values from 996 mb to 1028 mb. The pressure values are depicted through varying shades of blue and purple for lower pressures, and green to yellow for higher pressures. A dashed line labeled "Monsoon Trough" runs across northern India. Several pressure values, such as 1004 mb, 1006 mb, and 1008 mb, are marked in different regions. The map includes longitude and latitude markers, and a text box at the top attributes the data to NOAA-CIRES/Climate Diagnostics Center.
winds turn into southwesterlies over the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean

Text description of the winds turn into southwesterlies over the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean image.
The image displays a map illustrating the effects of the Coriolis force on air movement near the equator. The map features a green landmass against a blue ocean background. A yellow line labeled "EQUATOR" crosses horizontally through the map. Three red curved arrows indicate the direction of air movement. The arrow from the south curves left, demonstrating the deflection of air moving northward affected by the Coriolis force in the southern hemisphere. North of the equator, an arrow curves right, illustrating the westerly diversion of air. A central arrow shows the zone of convergence movement in late spring. Text boxes accompany each arrow with explanations.
Transcribed Text:
North of the Equator, the Coriolis force acts to the right, causing the air’s trajectory to become more westerly.
In late Spring, the zone of convergence moves north over the hot Indian subcontinent, allowing the northward flowing air to cross the equator.
Air flowing northward away from the southern hemisphere subtropics is deflected to the left by the Coriolis force.
nearly complete reversal in wind direction between meteorological summer and winter

Text description of the nearly complete reversal in wind direction between meteorological summer and winter image.
The image is a comparative weather map split into two panels, each showing different seasonal wind and precipitation patterns over the Indian subcontinent and surrounding seas. The left panel is labeled "JJA" and shows the mid-year monsoon season with a large concentration of warm colors indicating high precipitation over the Arabian Sea, extending towards India. The colors transition from red, orange, yellow to green and blue, representing decreasing intensity levels. Black arrows across the panel depict wind direction patterns. The right panel, labeled "DJF," represents the winter season, with cooler colors such as green, blue, and some yellow, indicating less intense weather activity primarily over the Bay of Bengal. This panel also includes black arrows showing wind directions.
associated with a monsoon depression

Text description of the associated with a monsoon depression image.
The image is a satellite view of a section of Earth, highlighting the region of South Asia and parts of the Indian Ocean. Various shades of gray depict cloud formations, indicating weather patterns. A notable cluster of clouds is concentrated over the northern part of the Indian Ocean, with dense cloud cover suggesting a storm system. The landmasses, including the Indian subcontinent and parts of Southeast Asia, are faintly visible beneath the cloud coverage. Yellow lines outline the continents and islands. Small yellow crosses are scattered across the image, likely indicating geographical points or data markers. A red arrow points to Sri Lanka, annotated with the text “Monsoon Depression” in bold red letters.
Estimated precipitation from satellite

Text description of the Estimated precipitation from satellite image.
The image is a weather map displaying precipitation data over Southeast Asia, including parts of India, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. It's color-coded to represent different rainfall totals from June 10 to 15, 2004. The map exhibits a gradient from blue to red, where blue indicates lower rainfall and red signifies higher rainfall. The regions over northeastern India and parts of Bangladesh show intense red, indicating heavy rainfall. Surrounding areas display greens and yellows, signifying moderate rainfall. White lines outline the countries, enhancing geographical context. A scale at the bottom provides a reference for millimeters and inches of rainfall, showing a color transition from blue (4 inches/100 mm) to red (over 20 inches/500 mm).
El Niño and La Niña
strip between latitudes five degrees north and south and longitudes 170 degrees West and 120 degrees West

Text description of the strip between latitudes five degrees north and south and longitudes 170 degrees West and 120 degrees West image.
The image is a map showing parts of the Pacific Ocean and adjacent landmasses, highlighted with specific monitoring regions for ENSO events. The land areas, shown in green, include parts of North America, South America, and smaller landmasses in the Pacific. The ocean is depicted in light blue, overlaid with a grid representing latitude and longitude lines. A purple rectangular area stretches across the equatorial Pacific, signifying monitoring regions, and is bisected by a dashed yellow line representing the equator. Text indicating "Monitoring Regions for ENSO events" is overlaid in black near the center of the purple area.
normally cold Humboldt ocean current

Text description of the normally cold Humboldt ocean current image.
The image is a map of the western coast of South America highlighting the country of Peru. It shows the trajectory of the Humboldt Current along the Pacific Ocean. The land is depicted in varying shades of green, with Peru in lighter green and labeled in black text. The Pacific Ocean is shaded light blue with white arrows illustrating the direction of the Humboldt Current flowing northward parallel to the coast. The map includes white text indicating the "Pacific Ocean" and "Humboldt Current".
cross-section of ocean temperatures and sea-surface heights from

Text description of the cross-section of ocean temperatures and sea-surface heights from image.
The image shows a 3D visualization of a section of the Earth's geography with a focus on ocean temperatures. The top section features a map of Alaska and part of the Pacific Ocean rendered in a realistic topographic style. Beneath this, a cross-section reveals a gradient of ocean temperatures depicted in colors. The color scale transitions from dark blue representing the coldest temperatures, through lighter blue, green, yellow, and red, indicating increasing heat. Depth indicators on the right side of the image are marked at intervals of 300 feet, reaching down to 600 feet. The bottom-left corner has a white text label.
Local and Global Effects of El Niño and La Niña
Galapagos Islands

Text description of the Galapagos Islands image.
The image is a map of the South Pacific Ocean and its surrounding regions, highlighting various countries and islands both in text and physical depiction. The map is primarily displayed in a pinkish-purple color representing the ocean, with land areas shown in green. Major regions include Australia, depicted prominently in the southwest section of the map with its major cities like Canberra and Perth marked, and New Zealand shown towards the south, featuring its cities Wellington and Auckland. To the north of Australia are the Philippines and Indonesia, depicted with their numerous islands. The map also shows island nations and territories like Fiji, Samoa, Tahiti, and the Galapagos Islands, the last marked in red with a dotted line to emphasize its location. The map outlines the equator with a yellow dashed line. The eastern edge of the map features western South America, including countries like Ecuador, with its capital Quito marked, and the coastline extending down through Chile and Argentina.
lower sea-level pressures in the western Pacific

Text description of the lower sea-level pressures in the western Pacific image.
The image is a colored map showing sea level pressure climatology from 1968 to 1996. It spans from 140°E to 70°W longitude and 15°N to 15°S latitude. The map displays varying pressure zones, with a large area labeled "Lower Pressure" depicted in dark blue, occupying most of the left and center portions of the map across the Pacific Ocean region. On the right, labeled "Higher Pressure," is a green region covering parts of the Eastern Pacific near the South American coast. A color scale at the bottom ranges from purple, blue, green, yellow, to red, representing sea level pressures from 1008 to 1016 mb. The map includes a label from the NOAA-CIRES/Climate Diagnostics Center.
Ecuador southward to northern Chile

Text description of the Ecuador southward to northern Chile image.
The image is a map of South America, displaying the continent in green against a light purple ocean background. The map includes country names in uppercase letters, with major cities labeled in smaller text. Notable geographical features such as Marajó Island in Brazil and Tierra del Fuego at the southern tip are marked. A dashed yellow line represents the equator, cutting across the continent towards the north. The Falkland Islands and South Georgia Island are situated in the southern Atlantic Ocean below the continent.
Atacama Desert from space and on the ground

Text description of the Atacama Desert from space and on the ground image.
The image is divided into two distinct parts. On the left side, there is a satellite view of Earth, highlighting a vast, elongated area of terrain with shades of brown and red, likely a desert region, running vertically through the frame. This area is partially covered by a long, dense band of white clouds, contrasting with the darker land below. The curvature of the Earth is visible, emphasizing the vastness of the landscape and the atmosphere.
On the right side, there is a terrestrial view from within a desert. The foreground features rugged, light brown rock formations and sandy soil, with various textures and irregular shapes. In the distance, there are faintly visible mountain peaks under a clear blue sky, suggesting an arid climate.
temperature anomalies near the top of the troposphere from January to March 1998

Text description of the temperature anomalies near the top of the troposphere from January to March 1998 image.
The image is a world map displaying climate data as a composite anomaly of 300mb air pressure from January to March 1998. It uses contour lines and colors to represent different levels of air pressure anomalies. The colors range from deep blue and green on the left, indicating negative anomalies, to red and yellow on the right, indicating positive anomalies. The map is divided by latitude and longitude lines, with markers such as -1, -2, 3, and 4 showing specific anomaly values. The United States and Western Europe are mainly in a blue region, suggesting lower pressure anomalies, while the central Pacific Ocean features a large red area indicating higher pressure anomalies.
graphics showing typical large-scale temperature and precipitation anomalies

Text description of the graphics showing typical large-scale temperature and precipitation anomalies image.
The image is a set of four world maps illustrating El Niño and La Niña climate conditions during different periods. Each map features continents colored in green against a light blue grid background representing the ocean. Various regions are shaded in colors indicating weather conditions: orange for warm, blue for cool, diagonal orange lines for dry, and diagonal green lines for wet.
The top-left map shows "El Niño Conditions: December - February" with regions in North and South America, and parts of Asia experiencing different weather patterns.
The top-right map depicts "La Niña Conditions: December - February," highlighting significant cool and wet conditions in prominent regions.
The bottom-left map illustrates "El Niño Conditions: June - August" with specific areas in the Americas, Africa, and Asia showing warm, dry, or wet weather.
The bottom-right map presents "La Niña Conditions: June - August," indicating primarily cool and wet conditions in select areas.
At the bottom of each map section is a legend explaining the color codes: orange (warm), blue (cool), diagonal orange lines (dry), and diagonal green lines (wet).