Lesson 2 Images

The animation depicts a simplified illustration of a radar system in operation. In the foreground, on the left, there is a radar tower with a dome-shaped antenna on top, positioned on a small structure with a brown roof and white walls. The radar is set against a clear, gradient blue sky transitioning to purple near the horizon. A green, grassy terrain lies at the bottom of the image. Gray beams extend from the radar towards large, cartoon-like white clouds on the right side of the image, illustrating radar pulses. The clouds have a fluffy appearance with varying shades of gray to suggest depth.

Transcribed Text:

A radar sends out a very short pulse of energy (actually about 5000 per second). This pulse of energy travels away from the radar at the speed of light, expanding and gaining elevation as it goes. When the energy encounters particles in the atmosphere, some of that energy is scattered back towards the radar. The radar collects this "back-scattered" energy and processes it into an image.

The image consists of three main sections of graphs displaying data titled "Five Day Data" The top graph depicts wind vectors, with speed in meters per second along a vertical axis marked from -8 to 8, showing red lines with fluctuations over time. The middle graph represents "Dynamic Height (0/500 dbar)" with a scale in cm ranging from approximately 120 to 150, exhibiting a blue line with varying peaks and troughs. The bottom graph illustrates temperature in degrees Celsius, with a color-coded contour map displaying temperature variations at different ocean depths from 0 to 300 meters over the period from January - May 2026. Temperature ranges from 8°C to 32°C, transitioning from dark blue at the bottom to purple at the top. The graphs' horizontal axis uses months abbreviations, starting from January to May.

The image is a detailed map illustrating the flight track of a synoptic level reconnaissance flight for Hurricane Dorian in 2019. The map covers portions of the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean with latitudinal markings from 20 to 35 degrees North and longitudinal markings from 70 to 90 degrees West. A white line traces the flight path, annotated with numbered points that represent dropsonde observation locations. The center of Dorian is located with a red dot. 

The animation depicts a scene with an aircraft flying over the ocean. The background is a clear, gradient blue sky with two clouds visible. Below, the sea is represented with a subtle wave pattern. To the left, there's a rectangular text box with a white background and a black border, containing an explanation of how a radar altimeter functions. The aircraft is white with a black nose and appears to be propeller-driven. A red line and a red dot illustrate the path of a radar altimeter pulse traveling from the aircraft to the ocean surface below and back.

The image is a radar coverage map for the East Coast of the United States. It features a series of overlapping red circles, each centered on a black dot, which represent the areas covered by individual radar stations. The circles blanket the entirety of the eastern United States, extending from the northeastern states down to the Gulf Coast. The borders of the states are outlined in black, providing a clear view of the geographic areas covered. 

The image is a satellite infrared view of Hurricane Melissa near its peak intensity. The clear eye is surrounding by a thick yellow ring, marking cloud top temperatures approaching 180 Kelvin, or -93 degrees Celsius. Outer areas transition into red, green, blue, and finally gray clouds, representing increasing temperatures. 

The image is an infrared satellite view of a tropical storm with a curved-band cloud pattern, taken from a polar orbiting satellite. A dark swath on the left side of the image marks the area outside of the satellite's view. Bright white cloud tops curve around a center point, almost forming a closed loop, characteristic of a strong tropical storm. The curved band of clouds is annotated with a blue curve and labeled.

The image shows a visible satellite image of a highly sheared tropical cyclone. The low-level circulation of the storm, indicated by a swirl of clouds, is marked with an arrow. The storm's area of bright, white, tall thunderstorm clouds is displaced south of of the center of circulation, and is also labeled with an arrow.

The image is an enhanced infrared satellite image of a tropical storm on the verge of being upgrade to a hurricane. This particular storm demonstrated a Central Dense Overcast (CDO) pattern, which a canopy of thick cirrus clouds with cold tops, marked in green, yellow, orange, and red shading, that consolidated around the center of the storm, and is circled on the image.

The image is an enhanced infrared satellite image of a hurricane with an emerging eye, which is labeled with an arrow. Surrounding the warm eye is a thick ring of cold cloud tops, shaded in red, indicating temperature less than -60 degrees Celsius. Other splotches and bands of high, cold cloud tops exist farther away from the center of the storm.

The image is a satellite infrared view of super typhoon Haiyan on approach to the Philippines. The clear eye is surrounding by a thick dark grey ring and one prominent outer band on the western side of the storm. The outer areas transition into yellow, then blue, and finally gray clouds, representing varying intensities. These colors highlight infrared temperature differences, with red and orange indicating warmer, denser clouds, and blue and gray showing cooler, higher altitudes. A NOAA logo appears in the bottom left corner, signifying the organization responsible for the satellite view.

The image depicts a satellite view of a hurricane over the ocean. The hurricane's eye, centered near the middle of the image, is a relatively large, cloudless circle surrounded by tightly spiraling bands of clouds. These clouds range in color from bright white at the center to deeper blues and yellows at the edges, showcasing the storm's intensity. The spiral pattern is clearly visible, indicating strong rotational movement. The background is a dark blue sea, with a small section of green land visible at the bottom left corner.

The image is a satellite view displaying atmospheric conditions over a geographical area. Clouds are depicted in shades of gray, indicating varying levels of water vapor concentration. Overlaid are colored dots in purple, sky blue, yellow, green, and red, representing different atmospheric pressure levels. The landmasses are outlined in blue, while the ocean appears as a darker gray. The distribution of the colored dots spans across the image, illustrating meteorological data.

The image depicts Earth in a space background scattered with small white stars. The left side of the image features a representation of Earth, centered with visible landmasses including North and South America. Surrounding the Earth are yellow lines illustrating the paths of polar orbiters located at an altitude of 850 kilometers. These lines crisscross the planet vertically. Extending from the Earth's equator is a single green elliptical line indicating a geostationary orbit with an altitude of 35,800 kilometers. This line is positioned horizontally in the image to show the geostationary orbit's alignment with the Earth's rotation.

The image is a "sandwich" satellite image showing Tropical Storm Arthur near the Texas coast. A swirl of low clouds, in white, is located inland and along the coast, while a large canopy of multicolored clouds in blues, greens, yellow, oranges, and reds is located over the Gulf. The color enhancement indicates that cloud tops in this area are very high and cold, indicative of deep convection. The contribution from visible imagery gives the clouds detail and bubbly texture that would not appear on a traditional infrared image.

The image is a satellite view of a tropical cyclone over the Atlantic Ocean. The cyclone appears as a bright, circular mass with swirling cloud patterns, predominantly white at the center with shades of gray and blue extending outward. Surrounding the cyclone is a grid with numerical coordinates indicating degrees of latitude and longitude. The coastline of the southeastern United States is visible in the top left corner, outlined in bright magenta. The ocean is displayed in dark blue, providing a stark contrast to the lighter colors of the cyclone. The image includes graphical and text overlays indicating it was captured by NOAA.

The image illustrates 36-37 GHz radiometry, focusing on its interaction with different atmospheric layers and elements. A vertical section of the atmosphere is depicted, starting from the ocean surface at the bottom to the upper reaches of a cloud at the top. Three main atmospheric components are shown: raindrops, large ice and graupel, and small ice crystals, each marked with respective labels on the left. A wide yellow-orange arrow extends vertically through these layers, representing the upwelling radiation beams. The arrow is thickest at the top, indicating the highest radiation emanating from the upper cloud layers. Text boxes explain how small ice crystals and large ice particles do not significantly block the radiation, allowing substantial energy to reach the satellite. The “Melting Layer” is depicted as a dotted line across the cloud. The ocean surface at the bottom is shaded with blue and green tones, symbolizing the absorbed and scattered upwelling radiation due to cloud interference. Annotations emphasize key points about the radiation process at each layer, with blue text denoting the importance of ocean surface radiation.

The image is a 37-GHz microwave image of Typhoon Bavi. On the left side, a grayscale depiction shows cloud formations. The right side displays a vivid microwave image of the typhoon. The hurricane's eye is clearly visible, surrounded by bands of intense orange-red and yellow. The 37GHz microwave image helps identify low level precipitation structure and circulation. The map includes latitude and longitude markers, with a scale indicating brightness temperature in Kelvin along the bottom. The top contains data timestamps and identifiers.

The image illustrates a stylized representation of a hurricane cross section. The ocean at the bottom is a deep blue with the light blue sky above. The tropical cyclone cross section is represented by a series of towering cumulonimbus clouds. The two main towering areas of convection, on either side of the center, marked with a red "L", are the tallest and most intense clouds. As you move radially away from the center, the cloud height decreases. Grey clouds appear behind the main white clouds help add depth ad sicze to the hurricane

The image illustrates a cross-section of a tropical cyclone over the ocean, labeled "Tropical Cyclone Cross Section." It shows the structure of the cyclone, with cloud formations representing the eyewall and outer bands extending up from the ocean. The clouds, depicted in white, have blue arrows indicating downward motion and orange arrows showing upward motion. Symbolic representations of precipitation include ice crystals, snow/graupel, and raindrops, depicted in varying sizes. A satellite is shown above the cyclone with a yellow line connecting it to the clouds, indicating measurement direction. A red and yellow arrow intersect, labeled "Parallax Error," illustrating the difference between actual and measured positions of a satellite. The image background transitions from a bright blue sky to a deep blue ocean.

The image illustrates a cross-section of a tropical cyclone over the ocean, labeled "Tropical Cyclone Cross Section." It shows the structure of the cyclone, with cloud formations representing the eyewall and outer bands extending up from the ocean. The clouds, depicted in white, have blue arrows indicating downward motion and orange arrows showing upward motion. Symbolic representations of precipitation include ice crystals, snow/graupel, and raindrops, depicted in varying sizes. A satellite is shown above the cyclone with a yellow line connecting it to the clouds, indicating measurement direction. A red and yellow arrow intersect, labeled "Parallax Error," illustrating the difference between actual and measured positions of a satellite. The image background transitions from a bright blue sky to a deep blue ocean.

The image is a line graph showing the weighting function versus height for different channels (Ch1 to Ch22), measured using the ATMS. The x-axis represents the weighting function in km⁻¹ ranging from 0 to 1.8. The y-axis represents the height as pressure altitude in hectopascals, ranging from 1000 to 0.1. Each curve on the graph is color-coded by specific channel number. The legend on the right side lists the corresponding color for each channel line.

The image shows a satellite positioned above the Earth with stripped microwave image swaths across the globe. The panels are shown imaging the earth's surface in colorful swaths. Below the satellite, part of Earth's curved surface is visible, mostly covered in blue and white, representing oceans and clouds. The background transitions from light to dark, suggesting space extending into the distance. Colorful, curved lines, resembling topographical or data visualization imagery, span horizontally across the atmosphere.

This image is a map covering the Northern Hemisphere and a small part of the Southern Hemisphere, centered on North America and including the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. SAR data acquisitions are marked by boxes, which are most numerous at high latitudes near the coasts of North America, with only a few across the tropics, mostly focused on active tropical cyclones at the time. Large expanses of ocean are unsampled on this day.